A Rapid Calibration Method for Registration and 3D Tracking of Ultrasound Images Using Spatial Localizer

Conventional freehand 3D ultrasound (US) is a complex process, involving calibration, scanning, processing, volume reconstruction, and visualization. Prior to calibration, a position sensor is attached to the probe for tagging each image with its position and orientation in space; then calibration process is performed to determine the spatial transformation of the scan plan with respect to the position sensor. Finding this transformation matrix is a critical, but often underrated task in US-guided surgery. The purpose of this study is to enhance previously known calibration methods by introducing a novel calibration fixture and process. The proposed phantom is inexpensive, easy to construct, easy to scan, while yielding more data points per image than previously known designs. The processing phase is semiautomated, allowing for fast processing of a massive amount of data, which in turn increases accuracy by reducing human errors.